Process of and apparatus for expression.



'J. J. BERRIGAN. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSION. PPPPP OATIONFILED AUG. 27, 1909.

Patented June 6,1911. 4 EEEE Ts nnnnnn 1.

SION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 27, 1909.

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J. J. BERRIGAN. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSION.

APPLICATION IILBD AUG. 27, 1909.

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APPLICATION FILED AUG. 27, 1909.

Patentd June 6,1911.

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foe 4,495.

JOHN J. BERRIGAN, OF

UNITED sra'rns rn'rnnr orr cn.

ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

PROCESS OF ANIJ A ',PPARATUS FOR EXPRESSION.

Application filed August 27,1909. Serial No. 514,851.

- small press chambersin its face in revolutionary motion and duringsuch motion producing lateral pressure between corresponding faces ofsuch press chambers, as by placing small portions of material to beexpressed between projecting portions or elements on the face ofafiexible belt and giving said belt one or more concave bends in such amanner as to produce a forcible lateral compression of. such portions ofmaterial between such projecting elements and it also comprises certainapparatus useful in performing said process, said apparatus comprising abelt prcsser member provided with depressions on it's presserface,-1neans for feeding relatively small portions ofmaterial into suchdepressions and means for alternately giving said belt an'inward and anoutward curve, respectively on such presser face, whereby said materialis first laterally compressed by the walls of said depressions and isthen permitted to expand;

all as more fully hereinafter set forth and as claimed.

In the ordinary methods of expression used for oil seeds, fish scrap,slaughter house scrap, bagasse and many othermaterials, it is desirableto 'uscsome continuously-operating type of mechanism but the typesnow inuse suffer from the disadvantage that no great amount of pressure can beapplied; not so much, for example, ascan be applied in the ordinarytypes of discontinuous press,

- such as a hydraulic or screw press. This is for the reason that it isdifiicult to clear the presser members or force the feed after theexpression it relatively high prcssuresbe employed. In using abelt pressconsisting of a Presser beltworking in cooperation with presser rolls,for instance,the roll in moving Specification of Letters'latent.

Patented June 6, 1911.

away from the belt tends tocarry with it adhering material from thecake. while ,it is difficult to induce material to enter the pinch ifthe pressure he very, great or the material be finely divided. With ahigh degree of pressure between roll and belt,if thematerial can yieldaway it will do so and the-use of such high pressure is generallyattended with a banking up of impressed. material before the pinch. As atypical instance may be taken difiusion bagasse chips from sugar canewhich are in the form of short half inch pieces, too short to enter thepinch well, or'to be dragged in well if once induced to enter, andwhichare of a very corky, resilient nature. These chips though carryingupward of 90 per cent. water have never been successfully pressed by anycontinuous press. such as mustard seed are also diflicult to press bycontinuous presses for similar reaons. v p

In the present invention I have devised a new method of operation incontinuously pressing liquid-yielding bodies which can be applied topieces or particles as small as- Small oil seeds, f

desired. To this end, instead. of feeding a.

large 'body of material continuously to the pinch between the pressermembers of the press and expressing by the pressure heis the usualcustom, I provide a flexible incur ber carrying small depressionsorpressure chambers on its presser face and after filling thesedepressions with the material to be expressed,'which is preferably,stated, in relatively fine pieces or particles, I give the flexiblemember an inwardor concave bend as regards the face carrying suchchambers or depressions. Conceiving thedepressions from thesedepressions become narrower and in section moreo'r less of the shape ofan inverted V; that is, the mouth is narrower than the bottom. Or if thedepressions are V-shaped in the normal position, on concaving the wallsof the depressions approach belts.

each other and, if the curvature be on the correct radius, suchdepressions tend to become obliterated. Simultaneously, of course, theside walls of the depression exert lateral pressure upon the contentsthereof. If the flexible member be, as it usually is, a traveling beltpassing over a roll in the concaving operation, it will be obvious thatthe closeness of the pinch between the faces of the belt and roll hasnothing to do with the feed or with the pressing operation directly andthe pressure therebetween may be as high as may be desired. But suchpressure is not directly exercised upon the material between the beltand roll; it is indirectly exercised in lessening the volume of thedepressions and ofthe contained material. The operative pressure is notbetween the face of the belt and the face of the roll. The face of theroll, for present purposes, may indeed be considered as largely aclosure for the depressions during the pressing operation,preventings'uch material yielding outward at this time.

For mechanical reasons, the apertured presser member is preferably someform of belt, flexible enough to be passed around rollers or is carriedby one or more such By providing a plurality of such rollers aroundwhich the belt passes with its p'resser face alternately convexed. andconcaved, a useful mode of operation is devised since the portions ofmaterial may be fed into the depressions in a convex bend, when they arewidely open at the mouth, expression performed during a concave bendwhen they are narrowed at the mou th and the material subsequentlyremoved when they are once more opened out at the month. And if theexpression be, as it preferably is, performed in a plurality ofsuccessive stages, in the in termediate stages when the belt is convexedand the pressure on the sub-cakes in the depressions is relaxed, spraysof water, steam or oil may be directed on the expanding and poroussub-cakes prior to repressing. Or the depressions in the flexible membermay be filled while such flexible member is in a flattened position,excess of material being removed by a suitable scraper beyond thefeeding means, and the flexible member thereafter given alternateconcave and convex fiexures or bends in the manner described. This modeof operation isparticularly convenient where a filter cloth or presscrcloth is used in addition to the belt or flexible member proper. F ormechanical reasons, in a structure of this type it is desirable to use arelatively heavy belting ma tcrial in the flexible member and suchbelting material is not well adapted for the passage of liquidstherethroiigh. But by using a belt of any suitable material. perforatedat intervals and placing an ordinary filter press cloth thereuponfbothstrength and percolation may .be secured. Using such a filter clot-hupon the belt proper and adjusting the relative lengths of the presscloth and the belt properly, in a fiat position of the bolt the filtercloth may extend down into the depressions, forming bags in which thematerial may be placed. Upon concaving the compound belt and therebyexerting lateral pressure upon the material in these bags the liquidcontained is expressed and away through the filter cloth. Upon nowpassing the compound belt around a roller of short radius in such manneras to give a short convex bend the filter cloth, being 011 the outerside of the bend, if of the proper length straightens out of thedepressions so as to form a flat surface from which the expressed solidsmay be easily scraped off. A useful type of flexible presser memher forthis purpose is provided by placing cross-slats on a pair of parallelbelts or carriers or on a single, perforated belt and layinga filtercloth overthe top of the slats. The spaces between the slats form,presser chambers. The filter cloth is advantageously somewhat longer andwider than the belt, so that when such belt is fiat it still sags withinthe depressions between the slats as a depending bag; Into this bag theportious of material to be pressed may be fed. In the convexed turn, thebagging may be obliteratedor may still persist, this depending upon thelength of such cloth and the radius of curvature.

While the rollers over which the belt passes may be simply revolublymounted in a stationary housing, it is advantageous that the wholesystem of belt and rolls be mounted for revolution around an includedaxis in the manner described in another and co-pending application, Ser.No. 490,415, filed April 16, 1909, wherein I have claimed broadly meansand methods for performing expression by mechanical pressure whilec-entrifugally positioning the material to be expressed. By socentrifugally positioning the material, many advantageous results aresecured. By giving a system of belt and rolls a rapid movement about anincluded axis, the material tends to cling to the interior face of thetraveling, rotating belt in a positive way while since included rollersin rotating away from the belt must turn their faces toward the centerof the system. centrifugal action tends to prevent clinging of expressedmaterial to such inwardly moving faces. And by giving the traveling beltan outward looping about the whole system in such a manner that the facewhich was inwardly located during the pressing opcration becomes anoutward face in passing over the outward side of the stated system,material after expression, may be likewise positively andcentrifugallyexpelled from such face. In other words, with the described system,centrifugal force retains the material on the presser face during theexand Fig. 12 is a plan View pression and liberates it therefrom afterthe expressing operation is complete,

In the accompanying illustration, I'have shown, more or lessdiagrammatically, certain embodiments of the many types of'ap paratuswithin my broad invention and useful in performing. my process.

In this showing ;-F igure 1 is a vertical section of a system comprisinga flexible beltand rollers mounted in a stationary housing; Fig. 2 is avertical transverse section of a similar system mounted for revolutionabout an included axis; Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of thestructure of Fig. 2' Fig. 4.- is a view on an enlarged scale of a detailo't'Figpl; Fig. 5 is a. de-

tail View showing rectangular pressing members; Fig. 6 is a detail. viewshowing the structure of Fig. 5 given a concave bend; Fig. 7 is a detailplan view showing'a pair of narrow belts or carriers provided with crossbars or slats; Fig. 8 is a transverse section of Fig. 7 showing afilter-cloth in position; Fig. 9 is a view showing slats having thesection of a truncated triangle; Fig. 10 is a similar view showing theslats in the position assumed in a concave bend; Fig. 11 shows the sameslats with a convex bend; of a perforated belt.

In the structure of Fig. 1, a series of rollers, shown as nine in numberand marked, respectively, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, are mounted in ahousing 10 and given rotary motion by a power belt 11. Roller (8), asshown, is of less diameter than the others for a purpose laterappearing. Over these rollers passes a belt or flexible member 12, Whichmay be either a single perforated or indented belt (see Fig. 12) or apair of belts or linked members 13 and 14 (see Fig.

8) connected by cross-slats orbars 15 (see Figs. 5 and 7). A layer offilter cloth 16 is preferablyattached to the presser surface of thebelt. Hopper 17 delivers material to the presser face of the belt,sprocket or toothed wheel 18 operates to force the filter cloth withinthe presser chambers and scraper19 operates to level off the surface ofthe material in the chambers. Pipes 20 serve to deliver water, steam,oil or other fluid to the material under treatment. Expressed solids areremoved by scraper or doctor 21 and delivered into chute 22. Be-

neath the belt in pressing position is mount;

ed a liquid-receiving pan 23 having an outlet 24. The belt passingbeyondthe scraper is taken through a washer device 25 to be cleansedprior to passing into operative position again. I

In the structure of Fig. 2. the belt 26 is looped around a series ofroller-s27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32. 3 and 34, in such manner as to form adouble loop, the presser face being interior of the system during onepart of its progress and exterior during another. Belt and rollers aremounted in 'a casing provided with orifice 36 for the discharge ofsolids, the orifice being inte-riorly flanged at 37 to retain liquid onthe interior surface of the casing. The casing is contained in astationary housing 38 and is provided with ;a sweep 39 to carry forwardsolids discharged against such housing to a point,

of discharge 40. Duct tl discharges material to be pressed against theinner face of the belt. The rollers are rotatably mounted in the endwalls 42 (see Fig. 3) 'of the easing, one or more being so mounted, asat 4:3, to be radially movable or adjustable. The casing is itselfjournaledin bearings 44 carried in standards 45 and is given rotarymotion by belt wheel 46 on hollowv shaft e7. This shaft also carriesgear wheel 18 meshing with pinion 49 on a short shaft 50 which impartsrotary motion through gears 51 and 52 to a stub shaft 53 extendingthrough the' hollow shaftand journaled therein on roller bearings 54:.This stub shaft carries a sprocket and chain drive 55 actuating therollers which carry the presser belt and at its outer end it carries apulley '56 driving a shaft 57 through belt 58. This latter shaft extendsthrough the base of the machine and its otherend drives, through belt 59and suitable pulleys, the shaft 60.

This shajftcarries a worm feed 61 feeding material into the apparatusfrom hopper 62.

Therotary asing is provided with a liquid outlet (33 near its peripheryand discharging intoliquid-collecting housing 64:.

Fig. l shows thetirst two rollers and the belt of Fig. l on a larger andclearer scale. As there shown, the slat belt carries two facing layersof textile material, one the filter cloth'belt or layer (16) alreadydescribed and. the other a layer of stronger,

cloth (35 serving to support it.

'Fig. 5 shows a belt carrying cross-slats (1'5) of rectangular shapewhich, in the flat position of' the belt as shown, form a rec tangularchamber between each pair of slats which in the concaved position 'ofthebelt, as shown in Fig. 6, assuincs'theshapeof an inverted Vi Between'the ends of'the slats is placed a rubber dam or spacing piece 66 whichserves to prevent sideivise displacement of the material to be pressed.In the pressing operation, this rubber yields faras may be necessary.The belts car rying these slats may be of flcxiblebelting material ormay be, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, composed of pieces 69, 70 and 71,hinged at- 68. The layer or layers of filter-cloth on the belt arepreferably wide enough to lap over the ends of-the slats aiid spacingpieces, as shown in Fig. 8. Theio uter layer of cloth, yvhere two areused, should be of such &

length as compared with the presser belt proper as to sag within thedepressions or cavities in the face of the presser belt when such beltis in a flat position (see Figs. 5 and 7) or a concave position (seeFigs. 6, 9 and 10) while flattening out when the belt is given a convexbend (see Fig. 11). VVit-h a filter cloth of the proper length ascompared with the main belt, such cloth may be forced into thedepressions to form material rceeivii'ig bags as by the toothed member(18) of Fig. 1 and flattened out again to permit easy cleaning as by thedoctor (21) of the same figure.

The ope ation of the described apparatus is apparent from the foregoing.In using the apparatus of Fig. 1, the belt is cleaned in the washingtank 25 and passed under 18 which bags the filter cloth into its facecavities or depressions. These are filled with material to be pressed inpassing under 17, any extra material being held back by 19. In passingover roller 1 and roller 2, the belt is held in a flattened position andthe spaces between the slats open up for the reception of material. Innow passing under roller 3 with a concave bend, the spaces be tween theslats close up, such slats exerting a lateral pressure on the materialtherebetween. Expressed oil, wateror other liquid passes through thefilter cloth and drips into pan 23. Passing now over roller 4-, thespaces open up again and the n'iovement of the shortening filter cloth(which is now on the long side of the belt) allows the cake to changeits position more or less and expose new faces for a subsequentpressing. The cake in each depression also expands more or less,becoming porous as the pressure is relieved. At this time, if desired,water, oil or steam may be sprayed down upon the porous material. Inconcaving un der 5, convexing over 6 and again concaving under 7, theseoperations are repeated. As many successive pressings may be resorted toas are deemed advisable. In the apparatus shown, 3 pressings-areemployed. In now passing over 8, which is a roller of small diameter,the convexing is, or may be, sufficient to straighten out the filtercloth 16 (see Fig. 11) so that the cake may be scraped off by 21. Anymaterial clinging to the belt bcyondthe scraper 21 drops off in washtank 25 as the belt passes under 9.

The shape assumed by the pressure cavity with various configurations ofslats or crossmembers is shown in Figs. 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11. \Vithrectangular cross-members, ,the pressure space in the fiat position ofthe belt is rectangular also while when the belt is co'ncaved, thecavity assumes the shape of an inverted V, the mouth closing. This isconvenient with some sticky solids which have a tendency to cling to theroller s nce the closure prevents direct contact wit-hthe press cakeduring the period of heavy pressure while the angular shape of the cakecauses it to key in the cavity. WVith less sticky solids the generallytriangular section of Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 is convenientsince itenables the exertion ofa substantially direct pressure on all portionsof the cake as shown in Fig. 10 in a right line laterally. It alsopermits a better flattening out of the filter cloth on a convex bendwith a bend of smaller radius. The presser belt may be as shown in Fig.12, a simple belt of heavy belting material provided with perforations67.

In the operation of the structure of Figs. 2 and 3, the pressure betweenthe faces of cavities in the belt is, as in Fig. 1, that re sulting froma concave bend of the presser face. Vith the structure shown however thefilter cloth need not have special means for forcing it into thecavities, since centrifugal force impels it inward in pressing positionand removes it in discharging position. Casing 35 of Figs. 2 and 8 andthe included elements being in rapid rotation imparted by drive wheel 46and the belt and rollers being given an independent motion, eitherslower or faster, by stub shaft 53, material fed in through 41, andcentrifugally discharged against the inner face of the belt and betweenthe spaces or cross bars of the presser belt 26. Against the belt itclings and is positioned by centrifugal force. The charged belt isconcaved around roller 28, lateral pressure being exerted by the wallsof the cavities on the belt'face. Pasaing around roller 29 on a convexbend, the cavities are opened up again and the material permitted toexpand While in passing around 30 another pressing is given. So far, thepresser face has been inwardly l cated, facing the axis and material hastherefore clung thereto without tendency to leave the belt for therollers. The belt now passes over 31, the spaces being again-opened up,until the presser face assumes anoutward position facing orifice 36through which the material is centrifugally expelled against the innerface of the housing 38, whence it is carried forward to 4-0 by theaction of 39 which acts both as a scraper and a fan producing a currentof air. The belt passes onward from 31 around the idler rollers 32,

33, 34 and 27 until its presser face once more 30 to permit thrownagainst the inner face of casing 35, whiclnis chiefly useful as a liquidcollector in this embodiment of my invention. On this inner face itaccumulates as a' thin cling- 5. ing film, being prevented from joiningthe solids by dam 37 and being constantly with-.

drawn by orifice 63.

What I claim is 1. The process of expressing liquids which comprisesplacing portions of material to be pressed between the-walls ofdepressions in a flexible member, and alternately concaving andconvefingsuch flexible member a plurality of times to produce-aplurality of compressing actions upon such portions and intermediateexpansion of such port-ions. 4. The process of expressing liquids w ichf comprises placing portions of materi to be pressedbetween the Walls ofdepressions in a flexible member whilesaid member is in a non-concavedposition, concaving said member to (produce lateral, pressure on saidportions an convexing said inemberto. permit removal of said portions.40 5. The process of expressing liquids which comprises giving 'aflexible member carrying depressions on an inner .face a rapid rotationabout an included'axis, placing material to'bepressed in saiddepressions and concaving said member to produce pressure between thewailsof said depressions and upon the material. therebet-ween.

6. The process'of expressing liquids which comprises giving a flexiblebelt-like memher carrying depressions on an inner face a rapid rotationabout an included axis and also an independent traveling motion, feedingmaterial to beprcs'sed to the depressions.

and concaving said member during such travelingniiotion to producen'essure between the walls of such depressions and llii0ll: the materialin such depressions.

The processof expressing liquids which comprisesgiving' a flexiblemember carryooing" depressions on an inner face a suffi- ,ciently rapidrotation about an inbufded axis to ,causema-terial to cling to suchface- -.centrifugally, feedmg material to be pressed.

' .ilito such depressions and concaving said .65 flexible member toproduccpressurc between i the walls of such depression and uponmat'erialtherein. ,8. The process of expressing liquids which comprisesgiving a flexible belt-like member having depressions on an-inner facearapid rotation about an included axis and also an independent travelinmotion, feeding material to be expressed into such depressions on theinner face,=giving-the member a concave bend to produce'pressur'ebetween the walls of the depressions and upon material therein andremoving the expressed material from said depressions.

comprises giving a doubly-looped flexible belt-like member havingdepressions on one face arapid rotation about an-included axis and alsoan independent traveling motion adapted to'bring said depressionsalternately on an inward a'ndanoutward face, feeding material to bepressed-into such depressions tween the Wa-lls of the depressions-andupon material therein, giving said member a convex bend, giving saidmemberanothe'r concave bend and thereafter giving-said member anotherconvex bend prior to bringing the depression-s to the outward face. i10. The process of expressing liquids which comprises giving a flexiblebelt-lire member provided'with transverse bars or slats on one face arapid'rctation about an included axis,an'd also an independent travclingmotion, feeding material to be ex- )ressed between said bars,. 'ivingsaid menibera concave bend .to pro uce pressure between said bars andupon material there between, giving said member a convex bendandthereafter removing the expressed ma- .terial. c

11. The process of extraction which comprises placing aconsecutiveseries of com.- paratively small press chambers havinglateral compression walls adaptcd'for relative movement and a topadapted to receive mcnt, filling each such chamber while in a positionin the revolution adapting it to retain material. producing a lateralcompression on each such chamber after filling, such pressure beinge'fl'ective over the entire surface'of the (:(miprcssion walls, andduring the movement and thereafter removing the expressed material whensuch chamber reaches a position in the revolution where it willnotretain material.

- 12. The process of extraction which comprises. placing a consecutiveseries of coinparatively small press chambers having lateral wallsadapted for relative movement anda normally open top adapted torccciveand deliver material, in revolutionary movement, filling each suchphainbcr ;while in a position in illQdIOVOlutlQll adapting 1t to 9. Theprocess of expressing liquids which whileon an innerfa-ce, giving said:mem- I .ber a concave bend to produce pressurebeand deliver material, inrevolutionary moveretain material, producing a series of alternatinglateral pressures and releases of pressure and thereafter removing theexpressed material when such chamber reaches a position in therevolution where it will not retain material.

13. The process of extraction which com prises placing a consecutiveseries of comparatively small normally open press chamhers havingcompression walls in a belt-like holding member in revolutionary motion,each such chamber being adapted for lateral compressive pressureeffective over the entire surface of the compression wallsyfilling eachsuccessive chamber of the series as it passes under a filling device,exerting a lateral compression on each filled chamber it passes beyondthe filling device and thereafter removing the contents of each suchchamber, all in continuous operation.

14:. The process of extraction which com-' prises placing a consecutiveseries of com paratively small press chambers having compression wallsin a belt-like holding member in revolutionary motion, each such chamberbeing adapted for lateral compressive pl'CSSHl'Q effective over theentire surface of its compression walls, filling each successive chamberof the series as it passes under a filling device, exerting a pluralityof successive and alternating lateral compressions and releases ofpressure as it passes beyond the filling device and thereafter removingthe contents of each such chamber, all in con tinuous operation.

In a press, the combination of a flexible member provided with verticalwalled depressions on one face, means for feeding material to bepressedto such face and means for concaving said face to produce lateralpressure between the walls of such depressions. I

1.6. In a. press, the combination of a flexible member provided withvertical walled depr ssions on one face, the walls being adapted to actas presser faces, means for feeding material to be pressed to such face,means for concaving said face to produce lateral'prcssure between saidwalls, and means for convexing said face.

17. In a press, the con'ibination of a flexible member provided withvertical walled depressions on one face, the walls being adapted to actas prcsscr faces, means for feeding material to be pressed to such faceand means for alternately curving said face in each direction aplurality of times.

[8. In a press, the combination of a [lexible belt provided with spacedprojecting members, means for feeding material to be pressedthcrcbctwcen and means for giving the belt a concave curve or bend toapproximate said members and produce pressure therebetwcen.

19. In a press, the combination ofa flexible belt provided withprojecting transverse members spaced apart, means for feeding materialto be pressed therebetween, and means for giving the belt a concavecurveor bend to approximate said members and produce pressure therebetween.

20. In a press, the combination of a flexi ble belt provided with spacedtransverse cross-bars on one face, meansfor feeding material to bepressed therebetween, and means for giving the belt a concave curve orbend to approximate said bars and produce pressure therebetween.

21. In a press, the combination of a flexible belt having depressionstherein, a textile material belt on one face of the flexible belt, meansfor feeding material on this face, means for concaving the belt toproduce pressure between the lateral walls of said depressions and meansfor convexing the belt to release said pressure.

22. In a press, the combination of a flexible belt having depressionstherein, a textile material belt on the face of the belt carrying thedepressions, means for causing the textile material to enter saiddepressions, means for feeding material to be pressed upon the textilematerial in such depressions, means for concaving the flexible belt toproduce lateral pressure upon such material and means for convexing thebelt.

23. In a press, the combination of a flexible belt having depressionstherein, a textile material belt on the face of the belt carrying thedepressions, means for causing the textile material to enter saiddepressions,1neans for feeding material to be pressed upon the textilematerial in said depressions, means for concaving the flexible belt toproduce lateral pressure upon such material, means for convexing thebelt and means forre- ,moving pressed material from the belt in suchconvexed position. i

24. In a press, the combination of a flexible belt carrying spacedvertical walled members, a cloth of textile material upon such members,means for causing the textile material to enter the spaces between suchmembers, means for feeding the material to be pressed upon the textilematerial in such spaces, and means for cone: vmg the belt to producelateral pressure upon such material.

25. In a press, the combination of a flexible belt carrying spacedtransverse crossbars, a cloth of textile material upon the cross-bars,means for causing the textile material to enter the spaces therebetwecn,means for feeding material to the spaces,

and means for concaving the flexible belt to produce pressure betweenthe crossbar-s.

26; In a press, the combination of a flexible belt provided withvertical walled depressious onone face, a plurality of rollers aroundwhich such belt is looped to give such face alternating concave andconvex pressed upon such belt prior to a concave bend and means forremoving expressed material from such belt during a convex bend.

27. In a press, the combination of a flexible belt provided with spacedvertical walled projecting members on one face thereof, a

lurality of rollers around which such belt is looped to give such facealternating concave and convex bends, means for feeding material to bepressed upon such .belt prior to a concave bend and means for removingexpressed material from such belt during a convex bend.

28. Ina press, the combination of a flexible. belt provided with spacedvertical walled projecting members on one face thereof, a filter clothupon such face, a

' about an included axis and means for tionjof a having depressions onanvinner face, means plurality of rollers around which such belt islooped to gi-ve'siich face alternating concaveand convexbends, means forfeeding materialto be pressed upon such belt prior to a concavelbend andmeans for removing expressed material from such belt during a convex.bend. 1 a

29. In a pressing apparatus, the combination of a flexible member havingdepressionson its face, means for feeding material to be expressed tosaid .depressions, means for giving said .mcmber a rapid rotation givingsaid member a concave bend during such rotation.

30. In a pressing apparatus, the combination of a flexible -belt-likemember having depressions on its face, means for feeding material to beexpressed'to said depressions, means for giving said member a rapidrotation about an included axis and means for giving said member aconcave'bendduring such rotation. I

-31. In a ressing apparatus, the combinaexible endless belt-like ,memberfor feeding material to be expressed to said depressions, means forgivin said member a rapid rotation about an inc uded axis and means forgiving said member a concave bend during such rotation. 32. In apressing apparatus, the combination of a flexible endless belt-likemember having depressions on an inner face, means for feeding materialto be expressed into such depressions, means for giving said member arapid rotatory motion about an included axis, means for giv ng saidmember successivelyfa concave and a convex bendand means for removingmaterial upon giving such convex bend. Q

p 33. In a pressing apparatus, the combination of a flexibleendlessbelt-like member having depressions on an inner face, means for feedingmaterial to be expressed 'into such depressions, means for giving saidtion of a doubly-looped flexible belt-like member having depressions onone face,

means'for giving said member a rapid rotation about an included axis andalso an independent traveling motion adapted to make said facealternately inward and outward, 'means for feeding material to beexpressed into said depressions during the inward position, means forgiving the member a concave bend during such inward positionandmeans forvex bend.

35. In a pressing apparatus, the combination of a doubl'e-loopedfloxiblebeltelike member having depressions on one face, means for giving saidmember a rapid rotation about an included axis and also an independenttraveling motion adapted to make said face alternately inwardandontwa'rd, means for feeding material to be expressed into saiddepressions during the inward position, means'for giving the member aconcave bend during such inward position and means for giving saidmember av plurality of successive concave and convex bends during such.inward position.

36. In a pressing apparatus, the combination of a flexible memberprovided with depressions on one face, means for rotating said memberabout an included axis with ,said depressions in an inner position,means for feeding materials tobe expressed into said depressions andmeansfor giving such member a concave bend during its rotation.

37 In a pressing apparatus, thecombination of a flexible member providedwith depressions on one face, means for rotating said member about anincluded axis with giving said member a consaid depressions in aninnerposition, means for feeding materials to be expressed into saiddepressions and means for givingsuch member a concave b'end followed bya cenvex bend during such rota'tion.-

38. In apresslngapparatus, the coinbi nation'of a flexible memberprovided with de pressions onone face, means for-rotating said memberabout an included axis with saiddepressions in an inner position, meansfor feeding materials to be expressed into said depressions and meansfor-giving such member a lurality. offsuccessive concave and convex endsduring such rotation.

39. In a pressing apparatus, a flexible belt-like member provided withprojecting transverse cross-member's on one face, means for. giving saidmember a rapid rotation about an included axis with the cross-'mem- Vbers in an inner position, means for feeding material to be expressedbetween such-pro- 'ectin crossniembers and means for ivin O b b saidmember a concave bend during such rotation.

40. In a pressing apparatus, a flexible belt-like member provided withprojecting transverse cross-members 011 one face, means for giving saidmember a rapid rotation about an included axis with the cross-members inan inner position, means for feeding material to be expressed betweensuch projecting cross-members and means for giving said member a concavebend followed by a convex bend during such rotation.

41. In a pressing apparatus, a flexible belt-like member provided withprojecting transverse cross-members on one face, means for giving saidmember a rapid rotation about an included axis with the cross-members inan inner position, means for feeding material to be expressed betweensuch projecting cross-members and means for giving a plurality ofsuccessive and" alternating concave and convex bends during suchrotation.

42. In a pressing apparatus, a flexible belt-like doubly-looped memberprovided with projecting transverse cross-members onone face, means forgiving said member a rapid rotation about an included axis, means forgiving said member an independent traveling motion bringing said facealternately inward and outward, means for feed- -ing material to beexpressed between said projecting members during the inward position'and means for giving the flexible member a concave bend during suchinward position. I

4:3..In a pressing apparatus, a flexible belt-like doubly-looped memberprovided with projecting transverse cross-members I on one face, meansfor giving said member a rapid rotation. about g an included axis, meansforgiving said member an independent traveling motion bringing said facealternately inward and outward, means for feeding material tobeexpressed. between I said projecting members during the inwardposition and means for giving the flexible member a concave bendfollowed by a convex bend during such inward position.

44. In a pressing apparatus, a flexible belt-lil e doubly-looped memberprovided with projecting transverse cross-members on one face, meansforgiving said member a rapid rotatioii about an included axis,

means for giving saidmember an independent travelingmotion bringing saidface alternately inward andoutward, means for feeding materialto beexpressed between lpsflld projecting members during the inward positionand means for giving the flexible member a plural-ity ofitlternatingsuccessive concave and convex bends during such inward position. v v

45. In a' pressing apparatus, the combma .tion of a flexible belt-likemember carrying projecting members and means for giving said member aconcave bend followed by a convex bend ,during its travel.

46. In a pressing apparatus, the combination of a flexible belt-likemember carrying projecting transverse cross-members on one face, meansfor giving said member a rapid rotation about an included axis, a seriesof rotary members'over which said member is looped, certain of saidrotary members being adapted to give said belt-like member a concavebend and others to give it a convex bend, means for giving said rotarymembers an independent motion, means for feeding material to beexpressed between said projectingmembers prior to a concave bend andmeans for removing expressed material upon a convex bend.

47. In a pressing apparatus, a doublylooped flexible belt-like membercarrying projecting transverse cross-members on one face, means forgiving said flexible member a rapid rotation about an included axis, aseries of rotary members over which s aid flexible member is so loopedas to present said face in-an outward and in an inward position, meansfor giving said flexible member an independent traveling motion aroundsaid rotary members, certain of said rotary members being adapted togive said face a concavebend and certain others to give it a convexbend, means for feeding material between the projecting members in theinward position prior to a concave bend and means for removing materialupon a convex bend'in turning the flexible membcr to an outwardposition.

48. In a pressing apparatus, the combination of a doubly-loopedbelt-like member carrying projecting transverse cross-members on oneface, a series of roller-like members around which such belt-like memberis looped in such manner as to give a succession of concave and convexbends thereto and to bring such face alternately inward and outward,means for giving the assemblago a rapid .rotation about an includedaxis, means for giving the belt-like member an independent travelingmotion about said rollerlil e members, meansfor feeding material to beexpressed between said projections in an inward position prior to.aconcave bend and means for removing expressed material after-suchconcave bond.

49. In a pressing apparatus, a rotary casing having a perforated wall, aflexible belt-like presser member within said casing and carrying aplurality of projecting transverse cross-members on one face, aplurality of roller-like members Within said casing carrying andsupporting said beltlike member, certain of said roller-like membersbeing adapted to give said belt-like member a concave bend and certainothers a convex bend, means for rotating said cas ing and presser memberabout an included axis, means for giving said belt-like member anindependent motion around said rollerlike members and means for feedingmaterial to be expressed between said projectin'g members prior to aconcave bend.

50. In a pressing device, the combination of an endless belt-like memberadapted to travel in a closed circuit or path, said member beingprovided with a plurality of relatively small normally open presschambers having eon'ipression Walls adapted to produce lateralcompression on the contents thereof, means for filling suchchambers atone point in the course of the travel of said member, means forproducing substantially uniform lateral pressure on the contents of eachsuch chamber as it passes beyond the filling means, and means forremoving the contents of the ehambers'after passing the compressingmeans, all in continuous operation.

51. In a pressing device, the combination of an endless belt-like memberada ted to travel in a closed circuit or path, sa-i member beingprovided with a plurality of relatively small press chambers havingwalls adapted to produce lateral compression on the contents thereof,means for filling such chambers at one point in the course of the travelof said member, means for producing a succession of alternatinglateralpressures and releases of pressure upon the contents of each suchchamber as passes beyond the filling means, and means for removing thecontents of the chambers after passing the compressing means, all incontinuous operation.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature in the presence of witnesses.

JOHN J. BERRIGAN.

Vitnesses J OHN S. PAUL, G-nonen D. TALLMAN.

